Showing posts with label expert witness. Show all posts
Showing posts with label expert witness. Show all posts

Friday, September 23, 2016

Canadian Psychiatric Association 66th Annual Conference

I am truly enjoying this Canadian Psychiatric Association conference.  The last conference I attended in Vancouver I so enjoyed Dr. Trevor Hurwitz presentation but then I always enjoy Dr. Hurwitz and hear him frequently at UBC.
19 years ago I joined the International Doctors in AA and have really enjoyed the psychiatrists  and psychiatric presentations there. That was mostly because of the spirituality.    I'm also connected with the Christian Medical and Dental Association and truly enjoy the psychiatrists I've befriended there. I’ve attended the World Congress of Psychiatry and International Society of Addiction Medicine and various other conferences where psychiatry and psychiatrists congregate but I really feel I might have enjoyed attending more CPA.
The CPA Journal did get a new editor, with the result it stopped being a publishing place for academic psychologists and began again to be relevant to me as a psychiatrist.  Reading the journal more is how I read the notice of this meeting.   I’ve been a member of CPA for decades and haven’t felt I got nearly as much bang for the buck as I get from the Christian Medical and Dental Society, until now.
This  CPA conference  is truly outstanding. I am beginning to think my issue with CPA might have less to do with transference and more to do with counter transference.  It’s like that time in therapy where your realize the therapist really might have something more to offer.  I hate to think this is solely my aging and increased wisdom.  I've wanted to attend this CPA since first I saw the line up of topics and speakers.  There are just so many excellent clinically relevant,  valuable and timely presentations.
Having to be at Kingston Hospital yesterday for a family meeting,  I missed that day, sorry to have not been present to hear Sidney Kennedy on Major Depression. I’d really wanted to do the advanced motivational interviewing course as motivational interviewing is something I do a lot of in my DTES clinical work.There was a new Canadian ECT Standards presentation and as I’ve referred several patients with intractable depression for ECT with good results (it’s been 25 years since I’ve given it myself,).  I really thought this was b important for me to review.  There were also some courses on use of social media which is extremely important and relevant. Given the mess the DSMV made of Somatic Symptom Disorder I had also looked forward to hearing this expertly addressed.
Today’s presentations made up for Thursdays academic loss. Being with family,  knowing love first hand and seeing the excellence of clinicians and a wonderful care team in action at Kingston made today’s presentations all the more poignant.
Today I was delighted to attend the ABC of DBT, Applying Principles to the Care of Patients with Substance Use Disorders.  Having treated a former professor of dialectics and discussed DBT extensively in therapy I’d studied it in journals,  on line and seen the excellent research findings of it’s benefits for the SUD populations.  Ketan Vegda, and Wiplove Lamba were truly awesome.  Their presentation alone was worth the price of admission.
I absolutely loved their role play.  It made sense of the theoretical material they had presented very well.  Watching and listening to the role play I felt  that I’ve  ‘got it’ in a way I’d not untill then. Next week in my clinic I’ll be applying simple variations on my well honed eclectic approach to therapy with patients.  Now that’s not something that I can say happens often given years of psychoanalytic psychotherapy training, group psychotherapy training, focal therapy training, CBT training starting in the 80’s, motivational therapy training, former hypnosis training, family therapy training and 12 step facilitation therapy training.  The fact is these young guys really know their stuff. It’s now obvious why and how DBT works and why patients with SUD would appreciate it.  I even went out and bought the recommended text, DBT Skills Training, Handouts and Worksheets by Marsham M. Linehan.  It’s not the same old same old repackaged thing.
I’m skeptical of advances in my field since so much of psychology is ‘renaming’ the old things. One young ‘person’ in the audience commented on the feelings of the therapist in relationship to the patient and how she appreciated the comments about this. I couldn’t resist later saying, “we used to refer to that as ‘counter transference’.  An older woman beside her laughed. It wasn’t against the young person but rather in amusing at the two of us being older and from a different era.   Not that that’s bad.
It was amusing later listening to books and names being bandied about by younger colleagues.  I hoped they still knew Freud, Jung, Karen Horney, Seligman, Kohut, Kernberg.  I did feel though that the ‘pop stars’ of today are a generation beyond my own pantheon. The classics obviously remain but not the lesser stars.   The field is just so broad too today.   It's like my days of Elvis, the Beatles and Rolling Stones.  I remember looking at the line up of a local rock festival and realizing I didn’t know a single entertainer.  I’m still listening to the Guess Who.
I loved the booths and papers and lounge area.  I spent literally  an hour on two separate occasions talking to medication representatives, military forces personnel,  treatment centre personnel, recruiters, banking and insurance folk and regional representatives.  I go to trade shows these days, mostly to do with motorcycles and boats.  But I like to look at what’s being offered and sometimes really enjoy chatting with the folk there.   I always love meeting the Edgewood folk.  Interior BC Health and BC recruiters were terrific.  I love learning that Ability,  a medication I use  extensively in tablet form has come out with Ability Maintena, a monthly injectable form.   I didn’t even know about Latuda (Lurasidone hydrochloride) which is apparently much more used in Eastern Canada. It’s real attraction for me as an antipsychotic was the lack of QT complications.  The Pristiq rep showed me that Pristiq had few side effects than high dose effexor and was well tolerated when used with other meds. I also met the folks from the Medical Psychotherapy Association of Canada.  Having talked with them and learned about MDPAC, I really think this is a group I need to belong to.
Everyone loved the keynote speaker, Clara Hughes, Open Heart, Open Mind. There was a line up forever of folks, who having bought her book were happily waiting for an autograph.
The book selection provided by two sellers was awesome. I tend to down load e books mostly these days reading everything on my Ipad but even so I came away with a Medical Clinics of North America Travel and Adventure Medicine.  I used to attend those conferences when I was more focussed on off shore sailing, having sailed solo to Hawaii in winter.  I loved the whacky doctors I there, no psychiatrists stick out except some fellow who liked the places ‘above where helicopters go’. We related to how our work caused us to enjoy time in extreme wilderness.
I mostly like conferences for networking. I  talked to several psychiatrists I liked instantly.  There was a real international flavour to the conference with every colour of skin and a multitude of accents represented.
The Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons had a terrific young man answering questions about MOCOMP. I love MOCOMP and Mainport our continuing medical education service. I bored the young man with my pet peeve but really otherwise love MOCOMP.  He was there to present on the new ‘competency’ approach to following careers.  Given that Mainport is an excellent reflection of my ongoing study which I like as a journal, I think the very smart and creative folk at RCPS are going to keep astounding us. Who knows, they may address my libertarian pet peeve.  The engineers have rebelled and done a masterful job of facing the gun toting political bullies. I don’t mind recording my study as a professional but am questioning ‘administrators’ arrogance with their self serving money driven  ‘educational accreditation’ processes.  I will probably ‘forget’ to fill in some form about this CPA conference and some supercilious shit will object that I didn’t get my ‘attendance’ cosigned in triplicate. I remember I lead an insurrection against the hospital management wanting clinicians to use a ‘time clock’.  I think this is something I discussed at length in my psychoanalytic therapy in training years.
Unfortunately the Transcultural Psychiatry workshop I’d wanted to attend overlapped with the Chronic Pain, PTSD and TBI workshop I really felt I needed to attend.  So much of my work is specifically trauma,head injury and pain related.  I’m often called upon to be an expert witness and sometimes actually undertake that role voluntarily.  Zohar Waisman MD FRCPC and Adam Little LLB were incredible!  They did a role play with discussion by themselves and incorporating the audience.  Zohar, “performed” as doctor expert witness and Adam as lawyer in a case which had actually occurred.  The audience discussion and the points made and the nitty gritty of expert witness/clinician was humorously and pertinently discussed.  I commented later that their presentation had been so ‘like’ the 'real thing’ I was having ‘flashbacks’ of my own worst moments in court.  What a great presentation! Well worth attending the conference for the learning in that session alone.
I am pissed that I missed Susan Abbey and George Jarvis.  I even missed Harry Kaplinsky!  The CPA Conference is as  bad as going to an ice cream counter and having to choose.  I get Cherry Ice Cream but must forgo the Pistachio and Green Tea flavours. It’s not fair!.
I was also highly responsible and chose Advances in Diagnosis Treatment and Prevention of Dementia, not just because I personally need to know how to prevent it, but mostly because I’m seeing more elderly patients in my practice. Having thoroughly enjoyed the presentations of Tarek Rajji, Zahinoor Ismaiel, Amer Burhan and Sanjeev Kumar I feel more confidence, recognized a couple of mistakes I’ve made which I can address next week without harm to patient,  but now I mostly know where to turn.  I really am going to change my practice for the better.   I have answers to questions I’d had put to me by patients and family which I’d not been able to answer. Now I can.  I really liked the humanity of these fellows too. Yes they were researchers and published internationally accredited papers but it was clear that they cared for people.
So that was the day.  Tomorrow I have a whole day more of really great psychiatry learning. They’re even going to feed me at a Thing called the President’s Gala. This Westin Harbour Castle Hotel in Toronto is really fine too.  I love my view of the Harbour. Now that my sailboat is in these fresh waters I can imagine one day anchoring somewhere out there. I see an island and wonder if it’s the same one where I was swimming as a teenager and participated in rescuing a drowning woman.  Toronto is a favourite city with so many memories for me. Another reason I was glad to come to CPA.  2017 the Conference is in Ottawa. As so many close family are there, I believe I’ll be attending the CPA again.  I’m really enjoying this conference.
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Thursday, December 12, 2013

Freedom of Information, Transparency, Confidentiality and Psychiatry

In Canada, a person may see a psychiatrist, directly or by referral to the psychiatrist by another doctor.  In British Columbia, the latter holds, and the psychiatrist reports his or her findings to the family physician, though increasingly as is the case, a walk in clinic doctor who may or may not see the patient again, as they are merely one of many doctors working  in that walk in clinic.
However, without the referral from the GP, in British Columbia, the Medical Service Plan,  the third party government insurance payment plan will not pay the psychiatrist.

If a patient comes to a psychiatrist, the doctor is required, because of the payment schedule to write a report.  This report includes a Mental Status Examination.  A mental status examination includes highly  intrusive questions about a person's cognitive abilities, thoughts, dreams, aspirations, resentments, obsessions, sexual fantasies and desires, among other things.
The psychiatrist records this 'confidential' information in their notes.  The notes used to be stored in locked cabinets but more often are stored in computers.  The "security" of these files is dependent on the institutions which have been notoriously slack in guarding patients information.
In private practice offices the 'security' depends solely on the computer savy of the psychiatrist and the trustworthiness of their staff.  The cost of "security", in my case 'thousands of dollars' ,is an ever increasing cost that few are able to manage in small businesses especially given the evidence that the 'rich' corporations are routinely failing in this regard despite their 'promises' and 'marketting' ploys.
 All psychiatrists who are trained as psychotherapists, especially those psychoanalytically trained as I am, (with additional formal training as a hypnotist, cognitive behavioural therapist, focal therapist, motivational therapist, mindfulness therapist  and strategic family therapist ) record 'process notes' and 'content notes'.
Process notes are commonly paradoxical and ironic with no 'validity' as 'fact' in contrast to 'content notes' which are facts however these 'facts' , in my case, commonly a statement by a patient are wholly referenced to context.  They have no 'true' validity without interpretation or as understood by a similiarly trained and experienced psychotherapist. I have seen the most horrendous misuse of psychiatric records with no one seeming to 'care' . It's indeed frightening the extent of this abuse.
The reports (in contrast to notes)  I share with the general practitioners selectively excludes a great deal of information that was provided in the interview and a great deal of information that was in the notes. This is 'normal' practice and done with no malicious intent or planned malfeance.  Insurance companies and courts knowing this 'norm' have taken increasing to demanding the 'notes' which they proceed to 'interpret' regardless of whether they have a 'code' or not.  The distribution of this material within these 'Borg like"  institutions makes mockery of the very term 'confidential' once a person signs 'a release of information'. 
Increasingly though, money and employment and legal action are all 'withheld' until the bullied patient is 'forced' indirectly to 'sign' the 'release of information' only learning then that the information they shared with their psychiatrist (it's worse with psychologists) about their sexual fantasies about guppies is now common knowledge in a law firm or insurance company. The more unusual or bizarre the behaviour (ie unique) the faster it's movement on the gossip mill.
All psychotherapeutically trained psychiatrists do the very same with regard to 'process' and 'content' note taking..  Note taking in this realm is also highly idiosyncratic but interpretable clearly by the note taker and commonly the patient given that it's in a context, of months or sometimes years of therapy.
Solely psychopharmacologically trained pschiatrists have an easier go of it as their notes are usually simplistic and akin to the standard 'content' notes made by family physicians.  I have been  a member of the Canadian College of Family Physicians and am a fully accreditted psychopharmacologist so I am very aware of the different modalities of note taking.
In the form of 'process' note taking it's more like poetry whereas the 'content' note taking is more or less like a 'laundry list'.  The new 'brain' doctors, solely interested in psychopharmacology, do not "mind" so much issues of confidentiality because they are mostly interested in the "symptons' and their notes commonly record bowel movements and 'feel good' 'feel bad' information.  Given the limits of their 'interventions' and their 'psychotherapy deficient"  'training' , asking many of the questions and learning the kind of psychosocial spiritual information essential to psychotherapy, has been construed by some clinicians as akin to 'assault' since the risk of exposure to the patient isn't justified by whether a person choose antidepressant a or antidepressant b  to treat the sympton. The medications in psychiatry are not disease specific but 'symptom' specific. The formal psychiatric evaluations were developped in an era when psychiatrists were more broadly and deeply trained than some of the recent approaches to mental disorders which rely mostly on sympton checklists suggesting a possibility for a wholly different less intrussive and less invasive psychiatric evaluation for psychopharmacologists. Indeed there is a movement afoot to have pharmacists take over this role leaving psychiatrists as traditionally to address the issues of diagnosis, broader biopsychosocial spiritual issues and provide psychotherapy specifically.
Within the bipolar field of psychiatry it is said that the psychopharmacologists would not recognise a lacunae if they were one and the psychotherapists wouldn't recognise as synapse if it was missing.
Most psychiatrists live between these extremes but the note taking and issues of confidentiality, boundaries and transparency reflect to a large degree the dominance or subservience of this body/mind or materialist versus mentalist spiritual split in perception.    A 'hug' for instance might have no place in the repertoire of a psychopharmacologist but be specifically highly beneficial judiciously and strategically used in the course of psychotherapy.
Psychopharmacologists simply don't do 'process' notes and 'lack' dynamic multidimensional consideration of the patient introjects.  They mostly treat the patient in a reductionist way as an 'organ' with 'brain disease' and don't normally address the 'mind', the dream person, the 'projection' and counterprojections, relationships in depth, rarely consider 'quality' over 'quantitative' considerations.   They would never consider  the patient has as part of a multidimensional being in a web of relationships coping with the mystery of life.   
Insurance agencies and legal processes are best understood in their reductionist function as dealing with matters of  materialist 'money' and 'consumer society values'.  The courts are souless entities not completely without humor though.   Indeed they go to great lengths to  put a monetary value on all manner of 'qualitative' aspects of life, their function being monetary based, their answers limitted by the prevailing cultural norms. They do not consider 'intrapsychic' phenomena and put the lowest value on matters such as 'quality' .  Loss of 'earning capacity' gets a higher return on personal injury than loss of 'quality' of life.
There is no judgement from me in this regard, just as statement of the limitation of the 'subjective' once it enters a world more concerned with an 'objective' measure.  At the subjective level what is 'private' is individually considered but the courts and insurance companies and strangers cannot even conceive of the concerns that more sensitive individuals might have regarding confidentiality. Some people live outside and some inside and bullies lack all sensitivity of this.  Psychopaths are defined by their lack of empathy and institutions often appear more psychopathic than human in comparison.  The corporation by definition though a 'legal person' lacks  any of the 'person hood' conceptualized by theologians and to a less degree psychiatrists. The 'legal person' is reptilian at best where as "person hood" in psychiatry engenders considerations of respect and appreciation and sensitivity at a level more mystical than base behavioralism.
When patients had family physicians for life and the family physicians files were confidential and the family physician and the psychiatrist were usually close associates, everything generally went smoothly.  Now a third of Canadians don't have family physicians, the family physician turn over is  high too. The 'walk in' clinic with even it's higher staff turn over and third party 'record keeping' and high support staff turn over with no necessity for training in 'confidentiality', no necessity for 'bonding', nor 'certification' and increasingly low paid 'phone girls' with the  lowest paid 'filing clerks', well frankly,   the medical "system" went to shit.  These changes aren't limitted to the medical system but run through society which is increasingly mobile and diverse. 
Patient's records no longer are by any true means, beyond appearances, truly confidential.  The key word here is 'appearances'  (Owen Barfield wrote a book, Saving the Appearances - it's been one of the most important and telling books I've read in my life.)

The Freedom of Information Act then came along, possibly to 'correct' the increasing divergence from what was once a sacrosanct 'principle' and now was a thing people only paid 'lip service' too. The Freedom of Information Act allowed any patient access to any medical files or reports with their names on them.
I have used the Freedom of Information act to access records pertaining to me and as with all who have used this was surprised  even horrified, by the mis information, false information and major areas of 'deletion' (for questionable reasons).  That said the 'gist' in my case was overall well meaning and mostly correct.
(I was reminded of the  Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy one line encyclopedia regarding earth, "Mostly Harmless".)

In contrast I've seen major errors in records in court documents and have had countless patients tell me about major errors in their 'files'.  At one point in my life I had some time in the evening and worked in a locked psychiatric facility so spent hours each evening reading files of patients who were incarcerated under the governor general act for heinous acts (a mother who killed all her children believing them fish, for instance).  The 'thread' ran true through years of hundreds of peoples involvement and reporting but the 'errors' were significant despite in many cases the brightest of the best and the best efforts.
 This is no surprise given perspective. A simple view of journalists mis reporting and gross errors on major networks is evidence of the carelessness in this 'media' and 'entertainment' industry.  Knowing in depth stories I've been involved with I am still amazed at how wholly wrong reporters can be and how much they misinform for some 'agenda' often not known to the naive citizen. Hence whole news agencies can be simply 'propaganda' outlets for a government, a political party, an individual or a general idea.  Similiar individuals reports on a patient in a psychiatric ward would often tell me more about the reporter than the actual patient. It was this reason that I began recording exactly what the patient said rather than 'describing'.
In another community case a woman had the same name as a known violent criminal and whenever she was dealing with beaurocracy this material, misfiled, caused everyone to mistreat her until through the Freedom of Information act she 'righted' a rather difficult wrong.  Dramatic examples are uncommon but 'to err is human' and reports and notes and files are full of minor errors. The question is whether these errors would change outcome or not and usually not.  In one of the psychiatric files I reviewed a man had killed a couple of people and over the years the number fluctated from one or three sometimes in the reports. It didn't matter, though the devil is in the detail, because he still wanted to kill all humans, and no medication or therapy had altered this.

Supreme Court Chief Justice Beverly McLaughlan is waging a one woman fight for 'transparency' in the courts.  A court reporter records what is said mostly but does not include the shouting and bullying by judges or the sideways glances and sneers and various other examples of body language that occur in the court.
Our elected officials are on camera in parliament.  We can watch them being little boys in questions and answer period or dozing.  It helps us remember our own humanity.
We've long had cameras in sports event. Real time 'play back' has been accepted  bythe 'referees' who balked at 'transparency' in the sports arena till someone woke up to the fact that the world is moving faster and we need 'real time' means of correcting errors.  When I reviewed the 'records' of the incarcerated the changes I actually did introduce could have been done years earlier if anyone had taken time then to note the 'errors' . 
In institutions 'reviews' are a gargantuan expense. All those I've done have been mostly pro bono but the difficulty with 'enquiries' is that given their 'agenda' , "terms of reference' and 'mandates' they often simply add a new level of error in the system.  Transparency is about catching the mistakes or areas of disagreement early. 
There are judges who really want us all to return to the good old days of  the 'back rooms'.  Given the 'deal' making now in the courts this is happening to a large extent given the costs of the old forms which cost so much mainly due to the unwillingness to embrace change and accept 'transparency'.
Freedom of information is costly.  It's costly to gather court documents and the 'cost' is where the penny stops.

"Only the rich can afford justice in Canada,"said my now dead friend,Lawyer Dugald Christie,  He was riding his bicycle to the Supreme Court of Canada to burn his robes once again to express his shame as a world renown barrister that the poor and now the middle class could not afford the costs of the courts in British Columbia.
It was equally true that only the truly rich can afford 'privacy'.  But even the paparazzi have made the lives of the rich and famous an open book . Then there is wiki leaks to compound matters, not to mention satellite imaging and fly by drones. 
Privacy was a thing taken for granted, like clean water years past, but today is a truly expensive commodity available to some and very limitted in some other circles. Those in the ghettos long ago said that their crimes were only known because they lived on the street and didn't have mansions on the hills to hide their perversions in.
(I was an expert witness in a court room named after and paid for by a world reknown pedophile whose philanthropy was equally well known)
However, one is taught, never question city hall.  I have personally found it wiser over the years to avoid confrontations wherever possible despite its tendency to find me.   This occurs because I try to defend truth and I defend my patients from abuse to the best of my ability.  My senior colleague laughs aloud when I complain because he says 'truth telling" is always attacked.  He points to his favourite example, Jesus.
The CMA Code of  Ethics states; 1. Consider first the well being of the patient. and 3. Provide for appropriate care for your patient ....including physical comfort and spiritual and psychosocial support.
I have been a  member of the Human Rights Association, the Canadian Civil Rights Associations, Psychiatrists Against the Political Abuse of Psychiatry, and  Physicians for Social Responsibility.
I don't believe I will ever be  forgiven by the authorities for finding famous BC Lawyer, Jack Cram, sane, when he was accused of being 'insane' for calling the BC court, a "Nazi Court'. The court's psychiatrist expert witness, found him "insane" which was at very least politically correct.
My colleague was jailed for her position against war while my other colleague paid dearly and was harassed to no end for his objection to the waste of young soldiers lives  'friendly fire' and 'accidents'.
The cycnical says "no good deed goes unpunished'.  I know personally the most heinous disgusting persons in positions of highest power yet I also know people I admire in those very same places. There's balance and homeostasis to always consider in this world where St. Paul, a great knower of human behaviour, said "we see as through a glass darkly". 

I am afraid of the courts, which is probably a healthy fear given the element of 'legal lottery''. There's a whole industry in the legal world of assessing judges prejudices, no different from what is done for batters in baseball.  It's the principal reason I say that a person needs a lawyer if they go to court because there's just too much 'back room' dealing, when it comes to 'picking a judge' or 'selecting' a jury.  It's all very much 'rigged' and 'arranged' and no longer the court of Solomon.  Given this complexity of the legal process and the increasing cost of lawyers, all manner of 'bullying' is possible for the rich relative to the poor.  However, when something, especially legal services are offered 'free' there is a great tendency for their abuse given the number of people with an axe to grind.
Lawyer Dugald Christie began the 'pro bono' legal services, getting me to accompany him to jails to provide pro bono psychiatric assessments, something I've done more often than I care to remember.  I think I'd be a millionaire today if I charged for all the pro bono services I provided people who couldn't pay.  Doctors have a long history of that. I'm not surprised the Law Society awarded Dugald Christie for his work with the poor. The lawyers I know personally and the judges I know personally know the value of men like Dugald Christie.

 I've experienced abuse of authority myself but have treated hundreds of patients who were physically and mentally abused by authorities, many who were actually physically tortured.  I served as the psychiatrist for the Residential School abuses treating dozens of Indians chiefs.
I have a serious respect for authority and great admiration for authority. I'm not one to romantacize mob rule and always liked the Beatles song "We don't want a revolution".   I've met 4 sitting prime ministers and dined with a number of judges including supreme court judges.  Those people I have known have to my mind made me confident that Canada is ruled by the finest of people and our institutions are safe and secure in the hands of the very best. There are naturally quirks and blemishes but overall, really, this is a great country. Vancouver is a great city.  British Columbia is a great province. Canada is my home and I am very proud of it.  But concerned.

Because of freedom of information and the clear message it has made regarding relationships between doctors and patients specifically, I have shared all my reporting with patients. It is my 'policy' to have patients read whatever I am writing about them and reporting about them.
This has resulted in my life being threatened in the office on several occasions. I reported that a man should not be allowed to have a gun and he became very belligerent.  I reported  that I believed a man was a pedophile and he told me he'd remove me.  It's clearly the down side of 'freedom of information'. I have had dozens of complaints to the College of Physicians and Surgeons because I have 'diagnosed' patients as having drug and alcohol addiction' and this has affected their employment or insurance.
The Canadian Medical Association Code of Ethics states 4. Consider the well-being of society in matters affecting health.  In psychiatry and addiction medicine this is especially relevant because fundamentally we are routinely asked if a patient is a risk to themselves or other or are 'competent' for work.  The CMA Code of Ethics demands nothing less of doctors, "Practice the art and science of medicine competently, with integrity and without impairment." 
Commonly patients see psychiatrists on referral by family physicians because of work related issues and the question of 'competence' and 'impairment' are therefore central to the examination.
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I have been asked by patients if what they say is confidential and I have at length explained that if they sign a 'release of information' for their insurance or go to  court and their records are subpoenead then whatever I record is going to be released.  I have repeatedly told patients that I can not 'lie' for them so find it ironic that I am called a 'liar' directly and indirectly on occasion because 'lying' is extremely lucrative in our society and I am not nearly rich enough to be a liar of any significance.

Patients ask me to lie knowingly or unknowingly routinely. I must assume that patients ask others the same thing.  It's never that overt.  But that's what it comes down to.  Similarly patients ask me for narcotics and increasingly to sign papers saying they can't work when it's not really apparent to me that they can't or can.
I once diagnosed patients as 'malingerers' but have been advised that this is no longer 'politically correct'.  I have had to pay enough thousands of dollars for diagnosing people psychotic and a danger to society only to have that very same society's overpaid representatives punish me for my conscientiousness.  When I learned that police for a time were avoiding responding to emergencies of various kinds, especially those involving violence, I certainly couldn't blame them. 
I was the only Canadian physician to work in northern manitoba reserves after a 2 year attempt to recruit because of the dangers. My colleagues are admittedly smarter than I am.  I am a spiritual fool.  I got tb, beat up, nearly drowned, was chased by polar bears, chased by a mob and was in a plane crash but looking back it was good experience if anything.   What's TB and PTSD compared to knowing you've done good.  It's certainly hard to continue to do good however with the pompous and mighty arrogantly condemning everything that's not overtly lucrative and safe. Only that which is 'valued' in a materialist way is 'protected' institutionally.
 I am very careful in my diagnosis, according to DSMIV and now DSMV and have always been considered one of the very best of 'diagnosticians' in physical medicine and especially in psychiatry.  It takes a lot of training, experience, and careful consideration to make 'correct diagnosis'   I've  found the courts at times no longer as respectful of the significance of diagnosis or why doctors consider this so important, yet they themselves make a major distinction between 'murder' and 'manslaughter' and expect society to respect their 'language'.   The courts have also never been accused of a lacking in hypocricy. Jesus did poorly in the courts of his day and it was his outrageous idea to say, "take the timber out of your own eye before you try to take the sliver out of your neighbours eye". 
Perhaps in this regard we have ourselves to blame in psychiatry because especially in the area of 'mood disorders' there are diagnosis with no inherrent validity lacking specifity and having no end of 'sensitivity'.  This has been an ongoing serious complaint especially internationally about diagnostic  'cookbook' approach much maligned by leading specialists and even discouraged directly by the APA and authors on the  DSM committees. 
Mostly I try to avoid conflict but increasingly the 'complaints process' of the college is such that any doctor who doesn't 'sign' or 'agree' with the patient is faced with a complaint which can cost the doctor on average $5000 to $10,000 even when they are cleared. I am routinely cleared of wrong doing, but never unscathed,  but the cost of doing 'the right thing' and being 'moral' and 'ethical' is millions of dollars loss of income. I don't' recommend it.  The richest colleagues I know in psychiatry are the greatest rogues I've personally known.  They're a minority and I know in my heart of hearts I don't want to be like them.  No amount of money can buy back a soul or cleanse one of their stink no matter how entertaining they are.

Further, the most ignorant and inexperienced, those in positions of being 'critics' , always imply or suggest that 'you could do better' and if 'you spoke softer' or 'phrased your questions' or 'chose the time' .then the 'triggering event' would not have occurred.  This simply is not true, and at worst, downright ignorant, pretentious and arrogant.  Everyone who is in the front lines knows that 'perfection' is impossible and only those 'critics' who avoid reality have such space station notions of life on earth.
Do anything to interfere with a persons income, freedom, sex or ambition and you will create a resentment. If 'kill the messenger is 'lucrative'  then this will occurr.  If there is no protection for the individuals who are obligated to tell the truth then people will eventually lie or walk away.
  
Today mentally ill and addicted patients are being again marginalized and ostracized because no one can afford their complaints. 
Cherry picking is the process where doctors avoid seeing sick patients.  Increasingly doctors are not only cherry picking their patients but they're cherry picking their practices finding any niche where they have the least contact with the front line.  Administrative medicine and  radiology have no shortage of applicants. 
Patients are 'black listed' by diagnosis such as 'Borderline Personality Disorder' (the kiss of death for a female patient) or "Antisocial Persnoality Disorder " (the kiss of death for a male patient).  Further the more diagnosis a patient has the less willing is a doctor to see them.  Commonly, some of the patients I see, have been 'rejected' by 30 to 50 psychiatrists.  This doesn't look good for me that I'm not the 'first choice' but it more a  reflection of my colleagues who try to spread the 'joy' knowing my willingness to accept multiple problem patients despite the high cost.  "I knew you'd see this person but I didn't want to burden you with yet another patient like this so tried to see if anyone else would take them on and no one would."   

The patient who had sex with 500 children is likely still very unhappy with me for reporting him to the authorities and assuring he was deported to the US where he was wanted for crimes against children in 4 states.  The stoned pilot who was required to get treatment and urine testing still tries to find ways to hurt me. There is a man who beat prostitutes leaving a couple near dead, in psychotic rages, and I don't believe that he has ever forgiven me for making the diagnosis of him that required his treatment.  I have on several occasions been threatened to remove from my reports information that a patient doesn't want but I have felt is necessary to the integrity of the report and the basis of the diagnosis.  I have never lied for a patient knowingly.  I suspect if I was the psychiatrist for Mayor Ford he would very surely disapprove of my diagnosis and likely hurt me more, as the richer and more powerful who have objected to certain diagnosis, have  more power to harm.
The matter of diagnosis simply was never such a serious matter for me in general practice except on those occasions when I diagnosed a person partially blind and they lost their driver's license. I remember too that when I worked one summer as the doctor in an STD street clinic people were often angry with their diagnosis and sometimes insisted that their diagnosis not be 'written' down, for fear their husband might find out.  This was an issue to in early years with the diagnosis of HIV.  Patients were so abused and punished for this illness then and so many were afraid to see doctors.  A major public health initiative had to take place before people felt safe about seeing doctors. This is true increasingly with addiction medicine and psychiatry in general. 
Addiction Psychiatry specifically is not a place that people are likely to go saying, "I sure hope this specialist finds out whats wrong with me?" as is commonly the case with other areas of medical specialty.
I have however spent years defending patients who were mis diagnosed especially when there  has been a conflict of interest and extreme predjudices or biases and made major errors for profit or through negligence.  
When a patient is in dispute with the courts, the patients lawyers and the lawyers for the other side subpoena the file and all information. A doctor must release their full and complete records or go to jail.
My psychiatrist colleague fought the courts in an attempt to conceal her 'notes' from the courts and lost. I believe she went to jail for a night or eventually simply caved before she spent a night in jail. It's a celebrated case. Indeed even ministers and their congregation communications are no longer sacrosanct and last I learned priests could not conceal what they heard in confession if subpoenaed.
The key in all this is 'what is recorded'.  So increasingly people don't record anything.  By contrast look at the notes of Louis Pasteur, Freud, Carl Jung, and Einstein.  Science is about 'records'.
The consequence of this 'approach' to the present problem is that it contravenes CMA Code of Ethics "Refuse to participate in or support practices that violate basic human rights.'  It's a basic human right for patients to get good medical and psychiatric care and yet if doctors can't 'record' what transpires for fear of misuse of the files,it's a problem. This is indeed is the tendency of 'medicopoliticolegalese' and political correctness yak yak.  The notes become 'spam' .
So when I share transparently, my reports with patients, they commonly ask is it necessary that I include some detail or other.  I then agree if its not relevant.  I do not let their employers insurance company know in the report that they had sex with a pig on friday night drunk if their job is not pig rental for a brewery outfit.  These are not far from true stories.  I've seen more cases of beastiality and various perversion and seen more unexplainable behaviour than I care to recall.  Maybe the SPCA has an invested interest but others interest would be prurilent.
Commonly people do not want their gp to know information that they have shared with me and I will not report information of a decidedly personal and private nature with a walk in clinic physician the patient may have seen once whose secretary chews bubble gum and is paid minimum wage.
I once had such a secretary for a while and she stole information and materials from my office and I learned that the police do not respect or prosecute theft of files from Psychiatrists office. So much for even physicians ensuring confidentiality of files since there is no consequence for the abuses. If one is concerned about private practice offices ,the institutions are a nightmare in comparison.
Indeed, the police  told me that they believe this sort of thing happens often but that I was indeed the first person to report it.  The cost of that exercise  was thousands of dollars.
Further I learned from dozens of colleagues that when they have fired 'help' they have been threatened with 'sexual harassment' allegations and have been extorted thousands of dollars.
I learned the hard way on that occasion that despite my best efforts with the highest level of security available, computer geeks up the ying yang, and locked files with chain of custody keys etc, a temporary help girl who turned out to be a crack addicted psychopath on the side, could breach all security and steal files without any consequences.

Most of us on the front lines are doing our best with very little resources and only the arm chair quarterbacks on Monday morning are right.  But then they don't have to be accountable for their actions as we on the front lines do. And everyone knows armchair quarterbacks are always right.

This is true of social media "confidentiality" too,  where increasingly communications are being openly 'interpreted' and used in all manner of ways other than that which was deemed their original purpose.  If one had been paying attention they would have learned our ally, the United States of America, under President Obama, has accessed all our electronic communication, that's every text message and email. This is not paranoia. It's just a fact regarding the lack of 'confidentiality' available to Canadians today and the 'appearances' which are continued till someone learns to deal with this game changing dramatic reversal of our lives.

Our insurance body, the Canadian Medical Protective Association, advisees us to write 15 minutes of notes for every 15 minutes of examination which has literally halved the available doctors in the country and doubled the cost of health care to every citizen. This followed a judge say, "if it isn't written down,it didn't happen".  "Loose lips sink ships".
I keep copious notes and records, typing as I do at the speed that people talk.
I do not believe there is any 'confidentiality' in the 'system' since I learned that the most confidential material the government collects is tax reports and with our tax information the following has happened
- over a hundred government departments have access to them
- in addition to the US,  there have been a half dozen computer attacks on the canadian government files, thought to originate primarily in a chinese military facility and all, not just some, but all information on Canadians has been accessed for foreign agents.

But if you had sex with father's mistress and told me, I recorded it.  That information and any other information that anyone has on you is available through the freedom of information act, however since this is the law, I've always shared what I write with patients and have been 'transparent' with the information I gather. When I write letters to doctors I will remove information which is not necessarily pertinent to their 'care' as I understand that to be.
I do this not to 'deceive' or through 'ill intent' but because I have a 'therapeutic relationship' with a patient and to maintain that we must have mutual respect.

This was a major concern when I was working with HIV patients and we were being asked to disclose information about patients that would get them 'fired' not because of a public health risk but because of the prejudice in their accounting industry against homosexuals or diseased persons.

Pscychologists, nurses, counsellors and all others care givers in Canada are under similiar strict requirements regarding shareing information with the courts at risk of jail themselves but in contrast I know that I am usually the most rigorous in explaining my limitations to patients.  Nobody wants to face reality that we are all really very naked today.  Even the emperor has new clothes.

Even lawyers are highly restricted in the lawyer-client 'priviledge' according to my Canadian lawyer friends. So while American TV has lawyers and police and Dr. House are doing all manner of silly business this is not true in Canada.

People say and write nonsense all the time in British Columbia.  We only consider them truly insane if they believe and act on the nonsense they sometimes spout.

Unfortunately in Canada, a young country, by any means, there is alot of "false witness', and people forget that the Ten Commandments given to Moses put 'bearing false witness' as up there with murder.

I take the matter of truth seriously and am not in the habit of 'bearing false witness'.  

The best news about confidentiality though is really most people don't care. They are in fact too busy minding their own business to care about yours. 

The great thing about Canada is we really do care, individually and collectively, and despite the lapses, we muddle along and with a combination of checks and balances, freedom of information acts, Honorable Beverly McLaughlan, the Colleges of Physicians and Surgeons, Dugald Christie, the Law Society, the Canadian Medical Association and psychiatrists things work out well overall.  The sun rises in the morning even though it seems a bit sooty and smoggy.  Truth prevails.  Good wins out in the long run. We are, if you are at all a student of history, doing way better as peasants than the vast majority of our forebears.
When I question my home I think of Cambodia where I just was and know that only a few years ago 3 million people, a quarter of the nation, were murdered by Aetheist Communist Pol Pot in 4 years.  This is simply not going to happen with Harper, Mulcair and Troudeau in parliament. Locally our courts and institutions aren't perfect but they are way better than the next best thing. 
That said, I'm concerned.

Friday, January 25, 2013

Expert Witness from the perspective of the judge, TLABC Medical Legal Conference, Mexico, 2013


The following is from the rough notes I took at the Trial Lawyers of British Columbia Medical Legal Conference in Playa Del Carmen, Mexico, 2012.  The Hon. Marion Allen, having served 24 years as a judge was obviously an expert herself on expert testimony.  Even by Mohan standards she was well qualified to be the keynote speaker at this conference. What was immediately obvious was her intimate knowledge of the English language and the way she chose her words, conveying maximum meaning with minimum waste. She was also very amusing, sharing anecdotes about her own career with honest humility.  Hon. Marion Allen is a marvellous presenter.  


Experts are expected to be experts in their area of expertise, she said. The expert must understand that he has a duty to assist the court - rule 11 6.
She clarified the "Expert's duty of neutrality", going on to say, experts will be considered more neutral if they work both for defendants and plaintiffs.
Family doctors are more often subjective and objective and the judges will sometimes make allowances for the fact they are the family doctor.  It is understood this is different from a doctor doing an IME.


The expert's has a duty of full disclosure
- there is no room in court for any dishonesty or lack of full disclosure

She went on to describe the  test for science versus junk science
-discussion of 'motion capture' technique tool admissability - judicial level of reliability - and opposing views presented and discussed . This case was chosen because it was so 'close to the line'.

To this end, she recommended strongly that lawyers reread Mohan when considering introduction of leading edge technology.

She then went on to discuss at length what she called were  "really, really" bad reports quoting a fellow judge who'd described  one such engineering 'expert'  report as  'so foggy to confuse gobblygoop"

One medical report, she described  contained no statement of qualification. In another report the medical expert said a woman couldn't return to work because of an injury  she suffered  at work but knew nothing about the MVA that was subject of the trial, 
She said that the lawyer had  screwed up that badly, letting that get to the court.

Another Medical expert  had simply catalogued the complaints but offered no opinion

Her recommendations to the expert were as follows:
- don't be arrogant 
- cross examination is adversarial - remain objective and don't be offended - expect to be vigorously cross examined.  
- doctors insist on professional independence - resist pressure to make statements with which you are uncomfortable - lawyers are advocates for their clients - an expert must stand firm giving a neutral position on the facts
- make sure you know where the trial will be held
- I realize that doctors are busy but it's recommended that a doctor pop into a public trial and hear a portion of a personal injury trial if they have been retained and are going to be an expert witness for the first time
- speak slowly so the judge can write. It is up to counsel also to keep an eye on judge to ensure the expert isn't speaking too quickly.
-speak up, the acoustics of courts in BC are not that could be desired.
-for lawyers - call the plaintiff first unless there is a good reason not to- the plaintiff's version serves as  the skeleton for the judge in hearing the rest of the trial.
- get expert reports before the courts
- ensure judge or jury understands the expert's reports



Mock Trial, TLABC Medical Legal Conference 11, Playa Del Carmen, Mexico, 2013

IMG 2481The mock trial was a piece de resistance. What a marvellous teaching tool. In a light hearted comedy about an obviously serious and tragic subject, the participants exposed the main errors that the conference itself had been addressing. Seeing them played out before us was extremely elucidating as well as unsettling. I confess I saw my own errors, as a treating clinician, in those of the family physician Dr. Goodman's 'report. Mr. Justice Preston, playing himself, the Judge, gave an Oscar winning performance alone for witticism and repartee, especially with the brilliant if dubious defence attorney, Terrence Robertson QC, who acted on behalf of Dumb E. Driver. IMG 2483The court recorder, playing herself, and using a romance novel, had the experts sworn in. IMG 2482The exchanges between Mark Frobb, playing Dr. Goodman, and Terrence Robertson were reminiscent of the high art of English parliamentary banter. It was positively 'droll' and I can't recall another time I've heard such amusing debate as to characterize it with this adjective. Danielle Daroux, the plaintiff, "Paula Passenger's attorney, was reminiscent of the lawyer performances of Glen Close as she literally disembowelled the testimony of Dr. Bones, the arthropod expert, played by Stanley Leete, clearly caught wiIMG 2485th his medical knickers in an embarrassingly major twist. Stanley Leete's performance of wide eyed innocence caused the audience to break out with spontaneous applause. Judge Preston increased the disruption sternly castigating us, the audience, for our unruly behaviour. Beth Inglis, playing the OT expert witness was so amusing as she answered any direct questions with cute cupidity,tangents and jargon. IMG 2487Douglas Lee, playing the psychologist, "Ima Testing" sounded really very erudite with only occasional lapses into high comedy being examined by Danielle Dareux, until Terrence Robertson guilefully discredited most everything he had said. What was educational though was observing Dr. Lee attempting to maintain professional and scientific neutrality as hard as that was in the artfulness of this particular court. In later summing up and discussion lead by Justice Marion Allen the key 'take home' issues regarding expert testimony were reviewed.
  IMG 2488

Tuesday, April 10, 2012

Treating Psychiatrist as Expert Witness

"The Treating Psychiatrist Thrust into the Role of Expert Witness," by Thomas G. Gutheil, MD and James T. Hilliard, J.D, Psychaitric Services 2001, Vol. 52 No 11 is essential reading for any psychiatrist caught in the headlights of the court.  I have just read this article and realized that I could have been saved serious suffering if I had read this 20 years ago.  As it came out in 2001 it would not have saved me from the worst grief I experienced as an 'expert witness' in court.  The example they begin with is truly 'every psychiatrist'.  They further use a most useful term to describe treating psychiatrist activities, 'patient centred' compared to the court which is definitely not necessarily patient centered. In my personal case the judge was intent on beating me up as badly as they'd been throttling my patient from the get go with the help of the most horrendously biased opinion of a supposedly objective person. All my patient had told me about the discriminatory process was confirmed but in the process I was sucked into the nightmare.
Gutheill and Hilliard suggest "therapists sitting in their offices may legitimately venture informal opinions about third parties solely on the basis of what patients tell them, for supportive effect - for example...Such pronouncements pose no difficulty when the psychiatrist is operating empathically from within the patient's world view and from no other point of reference"  However later they say "courts focus on more objective evidence, and in this context therapists should use extreme caution - or refuse entirely - when they are asked to give opinions about a patient or a third party, particularly when litigation is involved.'

Very usefully, Gutheill and Hillard remind us that 'Practitioners should be aware that the more helpful to their patients their letters or reports may be , the greater the likelihood that an opposing attorney will want to depose them and call them at trial."

Their recommendations are most useful and like their whole paper show great experience and insight.
1) "Patients have the right to know what use will be made of communications between their therapists and other parties."

Note here that years ago I have made my work transparent and shared what I have written with my patients. I have never changed the body of the work to alter my opinon but I have at the patients request excluded information that on reflection appeared extraneous and no way serving my opinion but potentially could harm my patient.  This was challenged and I had to seek legal counsel who wholly supported my practice. However I was dealling with a reactionary and patriarchal organization that works in extremely secrecy and behind closed doors so they were attempting indeed politically opposed to such transparency.  In the end it was not an issue but even something so obvious can cause a physician to encounter difficulties regarding records and record keeping. Increasingly the legal and administrative misuse and outright abuse of physicians clinical records will make clinician record keeping of no benefit for patients and clinicians and solely for the service of third parties.  Already I have seen this trend and likelihood and watch my colleagues increasingly not recording pertinent or relevant clinical information out of dire fear of how it might be used by third parties. Given that we take an oath to 'do no harm' we must be aware that third parties are not similiarly constrained.  Some third parties I've dealt with have the ethics of a snake and the dna of a cockroach where my patients health and welfare is concerned.

2) 'clinicians should develop the general habit of records sources of clinical data - for example - 'from the nurses notes....."   This is a very good idea and one I have used occasionally and will use more often. It's clinically relevant and shows great insight.

3) The "roles of treating psychiatrist and expert witness should usually be separated' .  I think this is a great idea and occurs often however I've been subpoened by the courts and as a result of my testimony lost a patient as the therapeutic relationships was destroyed by this process. Recently I told the police my patient shouldn't be allowed to have guns in response to his request only to have him come to see me belligerent and frankly frightening. I've not seen him since and believe that society would have benefitted from our continued relationship even though I suspect he's off finding some psychiatrist who approves of his gun ownership as a result of what I believe was a breach of confidentiality. However in fairness, the patient may well have figured he was denied gun ownership and figured it was because of me.

4) Gutheil and Hilliard recommend it as wise to seek advise from local counsell such as that which represents doctors when in doubt. Excellent thought. I've found this to be true and learned immensely useful information from the counsell that helps doctors in general. I've found that our CMPA has saved me even worse balderdashes than those I've been involved in because I've phoned and discussed my situations with their representatives learning alot in the process.

Gutheeil and Hilliard are to be celebrated for this excellent paper which I truly recommend to all psychiatrists.

Saturday, March 31, 2012

Personal Injury and Myofascial Pain

Dr. Mark K. Frobb is a pain management physician with a special focus on Orthopedic Medicine Rehabilitation. He was also the co chair of this Essential Soft Tissue Injury Conference put on March 30 -31 at the Vancouver Convention Centre by the Trial Lawyers Association of British Columbia in association with the Family Medicine of BC.  His presentation was one of the most informed and extensive addressing controversies and certainties alike.  His slides were excellent. Talking with him between sessions he was jovial and down to earth with a quick wit and astute ability to key into questions being asked him. He was a superb communicator. He is an executive member of the Medicolegal Society of British Columbia and President elect of the the Canadian Association of Orthopedic Medicine.
My notes do not do justice to his presentation. I was busy reading the slides and listening with rapt attention to his fascinating insights rather than taking notes. Therefore, they're really just a few things captured here and there.  The Trial Lawyers Association of BC provided a CD with the notes and other information relevant to the conference. Having attended another one of these conferences a few years ago I needed a wagon to carry home the vast collection of notes that different speakers had provided. I thought the CD was considerate given that some of us older sorts had had personal injuries and could well carry home a cd easier than all the binders of previous years.
Myofascial Pain: Relationship between Pain, Impairment and Function
Dr. Mark K. Frob
The Essential Soft Tissue Conference, March 30, 2012
Myofascial pain syndromes are characterized by regional muscular pain patterns typically involving groups of muscles which functionally control complex movements in a specific anatomical area.
14.4% of general population suffer from chronic musculoskeletal pain
myofascial pain syndromes in variaous studies account for 21 % to 93% of pain
History: Myofascial Pain Syndrome
-Dr. Janet Travel and Dr. David Simons 1977
  • Dr. Janet Travel served Dr. J. F . Kennedy
  • Dr. Janet Travel Clinical Professor of Medicine wrote on trigger points in 80 and 90
-Dr. David Simons - aerospace - work on weightlessness in space
Aerospace medicine
Together two of them - produced what remains the bible of myofascial pain
Myofascial Trigger Points (MTrPs)
taut muscle bands t latnt MTrp to active Mtrp
stress
24 to 54% of asymptomatic individuals have latent trigger points
MTrPs - palpable taut bands, equisitely tender, range of motion of taut muscle limitted
#1 cause - axial skeletal asymmetry
Poor Posture
-fatigue
-sleep deprivation
depression
otherwise radiculopathy, deficiency diseases, hypothyroid,
It presents with a story
Localized muscle tenderness
regionally referred pain
stiffness and limitation of range of motion
sensory distrubance - paresthesia
autonomic phenomena - sweating or decrease, temp changes
recognisable localized knot
‘jump sign’ - patient jumps when you touch
‘twitch response’  - muscle twitches when you touch it
muscle weakness without atrophy
Clinical investigation remarkable by it’s absence
No specific lab tests
infrared or liquid crystal thermography can show increased blood flow at trigger site
Electrical studies may show abn
But we don’t use them in clinical investigation - done as research
Treatment
Needling
drying needling - intramuscular stimulation
trigger point injections - local anesthetics, saline, sterile water, botulinum toxin, corticosteroids
neural acupuncture - injection at the acupuncture points - xylocaine
  • if it’s going to work its going to work as first treatment
Massage
Stretching
electrical stimulation
TENS
EMG
etc
Has a rule - if you see benefit but it doesn’t keep getting better after three visits benefit may have peak
Medications
non steroidial anti inflammatory medication and cream
tricyclic antidepressants
Nociceptive VS
Central Pain ()Neuropathic)
20-30% of patients with chronic myofascial pain will have concurnet or comorbid central pain characterics
ie hyperalgeisa
Central Pain Characteristics and comorbidities as described by Dr. Gouw
Pharmacology of Neuropathic Pain
a variety of meds , including cannabinoids
Disability and Impairment
AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment 5th edition
Activities of Daily Living
self care
communication
physical activitiy
sensory function
non-specialized hand activeity
travel
sexual function
Impairment
= loss of use oor derangement of any body part or organ system or organ function
only those impairments interfering with ADLS
not all impairments interfere with ADL
Disability
=alteratioon of an individual capacity to meet personal social or occupational demands statutory or otherwise
PAIN
-pain is subjective
-pain can exist without tissue damage and tissue damage can exist without pain
a patient can have a well established pain syndrome without identifiable organ deficit
eg migraine
Need to assess credibility and pain behaivour
Need to balance indivdiual self reports and clinical judgement of examiners
Pain Behaviours - non verbal behaviour
  • primarily observed
  • congruent with established conditions
  • consistent over time and situation
  • consistent with normal anatomy and physiology
  • we’d like to find agreement among caregivers
CHRONIC PAIN DISORDER
-pain exists in more than one anatomic area and warrant clinical attent
-exists past expected treatment
-ccuases clinical distress and or impairment
-psychological factors
-symptons not intentially produced or feigned as in factitious disorder or malingering)
not better accounted by a mood, anxiety or psychotic disorder
Testing Instruments
clearly document history
use of pain related impairment worksheets (PRI’s)
Functional Capacity Evaluation -work simulations

Thursday, March 29, 2012

Goudge Inquiry and Expert Witnesses

The paper, The Goudge Inquiry and the role of the medical expert witnesses" by Hon. Frank Iacobucci BComm LLD and Graeme Hamilton MA JD, in the Canadian Medical Association Journal Jan 12, 2010, is really a good read.  At first glance it looks like the judges who were caught making very bad judgements based on the fashionable in it's day opinion of celebrity pediatric forensic pathologist Dr. Charles Smith were just trying to pass the blame the way beaurocrats always do.  Obviously the judgements were foul and the judges don't want to be accountable. Better to blame the doctor.  In a pinch, everyone blames the doctor these day.  Doctor's take an oath to do no harm, are ethical and moral to a fault and invariably get caught holding the bed pan.
However, the article is far far more than this.  It points out the difference between the European model of judisprudence and the American and Canadian one. There judges study science whereas here lawyers are supposed to.  It follows that an expert witness would be encouraged to make their statements in a way which the lowest common denominator of general knowledge, the judge in this case, acts in a sense like 'lay person' or a general 'jury', not necessarily one of our peers.  I couldn't help wondering how Einstein or several of my most erudite colleagues, the true geniuses of medicine might respond and remembered the story about the Japanese bike factory.
Everyone knows that the instructions that came from the finest Japanese bike factories were terribly poor so someone was sent to ask why that was. It turned out that the person who wrote the instructions was useless making bikes so was given the task of explaining them.  That's the truth throughout science and cutting edge intervention. I remember reading Kuhn's Scientific Revolutions when it first came out and struggling desperately to understand his point on paradigmatic shift in scientific fads.  How could a man today who understood the idea that man's behaviour caused global warming was a crock explain this position and the experiments that prooved it to anyone today. It's like suggesting blacks shouldn't be slaves. Easy today when one is a President. But a truly hard sell scientifically when black Africans were selling their lesser cousins to great hymn writing white ship's captains.
The paper actually humbly asks for doctors to help judges.  So what first comes across as typical beaurocratic arrogance of the trumped up arts students protected by sheriffs with guns sitting on high chairs turns out to be a paper of rather impressive wisdom.  Damn, if these two gents don't Solomon me with their words.
Despite the fact that I'm naturally as predjudiced against lawyers as I am against proctologists I couldn't help but think this was a quite a brilliant bit of writing.  The Goudge Inquiry was a very good thing in deed.
The reason I looked askance at the paper midway was that it laid out reasons for the courts to 'control experts'.  When one remembers that we are the experts the thought that some scurvy taiser weilding demigod should be talking 'control' is likely to raise the shackles.  Yet the arguments are pretty solid when one considers a colleague who is a particular ass and how these rules would apply to him as well as oneself. Not such bad ideas, in that context.
The first reason is that 'impressive credentials' can sway juries, judges and even lawyers.  Secondly the "justice system's pursuit of truth is not absolute, it is attenuated where necessary to ensure fairness or preserve the integrity of the administration of justice.  Third, courts aren't particularly qualified to judge the reliability of expert testimony.  "Lawyers and judges often lack even basic scientific literacy."
I was in a court where a psychologist report was the most ignorant and biased report I'd encountered in my life.  I was asked to respond to this ass wipe that no clinician of any self worth would have put forward.  The report I responded to excluded information from all the senior most informed specialists and presented his own opinions of matters far outside his level of knowledge and expertise based on his incredible stupidity regarding psychiatric diagnosis in general and particular.  Arriving at his own diagnosis he then went on to recommend treatment which has no validity for the condition which he claimed the patient had at variance with the leading authorities on the matter in the psychiatric community.  Finally he had the effrontery to recommend an impossibly costly treatment given by psychologists when the patient had seen and been treated successfully by a half dozen of the finest psychiatrists.  The devilry in the court room was sulphuric but the judge was utterly ignorant apparently of what a buffoon the psychologist was making him out to be.  The judge was as ignorant of the Masterson as the psychologist was but the psychologists mockery of the legal system was beyond the capacity of the judge to see, his being utterly ignorant of psychology and psychiatry as he couldn't see that he was being lead down the proverbial garden path by a man who is an embarrassment to science yet holds a position in which his damages to clients are akin to the poor judgements surrounding the cases of Dr. Charles Smith.  In this case Dr. Charles Smith remains in place till the future Goudge Enquiry investigates the expert witness of psychologists like the one I encountered.
Yet in contrast, Iaccobucci and Hamilton acknowledge their own limitations and quite frankly I'm left admiring judges for having to make such hard decisions in such a public manner when a clinician such as myself would rather just use occam's razor to cut through R. D. Laings knots.  Iacobucci and Hamilton win hands down with utterly reasonable arguments that derail all my passionate responses to their desire to control the likes of me.  Were they around when that silly stupid deceitful like smegma of a psychologist was pulling his pants down and showing his bum to the judge I'd have been more than pleased.  Instead I was left apologising to this upstart immoral mental midget for questioning his parentage.
It is the duty of the court to decide matters of 'fact' .   Except for that one occasion I have always entered courts as an expert witness realizing that I have only one 'perspective' like that of a camera angle in a film and I'm really interest to hear what the judge finds given that he is in a position to look at clips from all the different camera angles.

The judge meanwhile is ignorant of a few centuries of scientific debate and how that psychologist wanted to take us all back to the sun revolving around him as the centre of the universe denying all manner of research on diagnosis , evidence based research and quite willing to accept in court a grade student science project than the latest national and international research. Meanwhile no one is about to the tell the emperor he has no clothes and that the psychologists is not his friend.  It's the judge who actually has a different perspective from the expert witness and it's not for the expert witness to speak to the ultimate decision of the court but rather to inform the court as best as possible of the material of his or her specialtiy and sub speciality.
The higher the IQ of the expert, the closer and more radical the scientific evidence is, the greater the researcher the expert is, all of these will affect the ability of the expert to convey to a layman like the judge what's really important in the research area.  It's no wonder that we say the top of the class doctors make the best researcher whereas the bottom of the class doctors make the most money.  The average doctor is closer to the average layperson.  They commune and grok each other whereas the genius immunologist is going to have serious difficulties simplifying a field thats advancing daily to a man who may or may not wear a wig and a jury that may know nothing more about juries than that they might not have been intelligent enough to find a way to get out of jury duty.
Watching the OJ trial at length I was quite struck that no one in the whole LA Police Department or the Judiciary of the day understood that DNA evidence was not like a 'fingerprint.  It took the expert witness days to get anyone in that court room to grasp that 75% of a fruit fly DNA is the same as OJ's.  What was horrifying and frightening for me watching the discussion of the glove by the detectives was that obviously 'all' the cases that had involved the DNA before OJ  really deserved to be re tried regardless of the cost. Prior to the OJ trial it seemed obvious that no one in law enforcement had a clue as to the genius and true value of DNA and it's appropriate use.  What is so exciting in Canada is the Canadian Judiciary had the Gouge Inquiry and Dr. Smith's cases were reviewed. Thanks to that we're all able to learn for the benefit of those who come next.
The final recommendations for expert witnesses were refreshing and informative
- express opinions only on matters within their expertise - I am credentialled and certified as a family physician, a hypnotist, a psychiatrist, have special interest in community medicine and public health, am a psychotherapist and psychopharmacologist, an addiction medicine subspecialist, a wilderness medicine expert , minister of divinity, blue water cruising ships captain and solo offshore navigator,  motorcyclist, ball room dancer, folk guitarist,  big game and bird hunter, a lecturer and a few other things . I'm known locally, provincially, nationally and internationally with the degrees and awards I've received from all these levels of jurisdiction. But despite my apparent expertise I know diddly squat about flying planes, sitting all day as a judge and not laughing or farting loudly, how to grow genetically engineered wheat, whether the F35 is a better plane that the Chinese knock off, how women do that thing with rolling their eyes, or whether the Canucks are a better hockey team than the New York Yankees are a ball team.  If I am being asked as an expert witness about some aspect of my clinical practice I probably would help everyone involved if I limitted my comments to the topic at hand despite my desire to wax poetic about the superiority of  Harley Davidson cruisers over the Yamaha cruisers.
- expert witness should be explicit about facts, reasoning underlying and relate this to relevant literature - in reports expecially all one is being asked to do is remember that english 101 course and how to write a paper. It's not really that different from a 'review article' in a scientific journal with less emphasis on literature search and academic fashon and more on the actual experience of the expert witness and why he sees what he does. I often find myself talking to lawyers like I would to colleagues in other specialities. The lawyers I commonly work with these days are highly informed about the specifics of the debate in scientific terms because they have their own money resting on the outcome.  When my patients get hit in the head and go from being professors of mathematics to being unable to add and subtract I think that the bullet that hit them in the head was associated with the change in function.  I can't say for sure as someone might argue invisible aliens probed my patient at just that moment by an act of God but based on my 36 other cases like this I'm pretty sure it was the bullet wound had a primary relationship.
-expert witnesses avoided using scientific jargon - I had to laugh at this though.  I hated learning scientific language too but when I'd learned it I knew there was no 'ordinary words ' for a whole lot of scienfic reasoning and ideas.  The utter and grossest of failures of the legal profession to develop a 'plain english' set of laws and legalese that has any real reference to the world  reflects how utterly impossible such a task is for lawyers and judges. Knowing the overwhelming limitations mentally that this collection of folk have every expert in their field would realize that they are talking to an imbecile, speak very slowly and don't use words bigger than 'marmalade'.  Reading any of the legal documents that are associated with a new Mac or PC program gives everyone some idea of the inability utter inability of the legal profession to be 'timely' and 'relevant' yet they want us to talk to them like,well, like we talk to 'students' and 'teen agers'.   Naturally the greatest researchers and best of the best won't be 'communicators' as such.
The greatest neurosurgeon in Canada who was called in on the Kennedy shooting let me assist him in neurosurgery for a few months.  He was one of the greatest minds I've ever been priviledged to be near but he rarely spoke, was almost autistic, definitely would have been called aspergers, and yet was the greatest neurosurgeon in Canada.  I get to be an expert witness because I'm not as good as he is.  If you can't do, you teach.  If I'm not working in my office and I'm off at the courts I'm actually in 'teacher' mode.  I'm relaying my information like the Japanese bike explainer. I'm not doing what I'm best at which is the field I'm expert in.
I"m a clinician though and have devoted my life to convincing people to do what they don't wnat to do.  "You have to stop drinking, Mr. Jones, the blood you're throwing up with the booze is because the booze is killing your stomach lining."  "Doctor, I just don't get it."  "Mr. Jones, your drinking is killing you.  "I don't think so Doc, my dying is ruining my drinking".  But rather than consider another routine daily discussion from my office I'm used to discussing medicine with people
The judges I know save one or two have been really really smart and though they can act really stupid I realized long ago that they want things explained simply not as much for themselves as for the other people in the court. Chretien was one of the smartest and most clever men in Canadian history. I am not commenting on his politics when I say this. What I'm saying is that I don't of anyone who pulled off acting stupid better than he did. Apparently Honest Abe Lincoln had a similar way of communicating. An Indian saint said, "he is a fool who cannot conceal his wisdom'.  Experts aren't being called in to 'show off'.  They're there to help the courts.  Judges have been incredibly helpful by asking me to clarify and simply things that I can to the benefit to all involved. I've been insensitive to people in the court by not speaking simply and clearly when this was possible.
Expert witness identified any opinion that is qualified or where there was controversy. - I didn't get this until I realized again that lawyers and judges and most lay people don't grasp that science is about 'hypothesis' and everything we know in science today we expect to be overturned by science tomorrow.  In contrast the law like religion tends to lack the utmost humility that governs all science.  Arts students have to run about being 'humble' because the world of money and power and politics is about being 'best' and competing and American Idol.  Science is in contrast for the humble.  When I read a legal judgement today I can often find the same discussion in my favourte text of Plato or for that matter in the Old Testament.  There's nothing new in human behaviour. Caligula made Jerry Springer look like a choir boy. In science though no one before walked on the moon or had a cell phone or saw what the brain looked like under  a electron microscope.  The Chinese had fire crackers when Confuscious was laying down his beurocratic laws but there wasn't any hydrogen or neutron bombs back then.  What the arts are always asking scientists to do is 'slow down', let us on your space ship. And we really should respect them because as yet no scientist has given us all the benefit that the latest age old poem by a new young rhymer gives us.  Everything is qualified in science.  We know that judges decisions are made based on the amount of flatulance they're holding on any particular day.  The decisons of the stock exchange are affected by sunny days or rainy days. If a lawyer has hemorrhoids he's not going to be top of his game on a day when the judges dog got put down.  Science is controversy.  75% of what is published in the very best medical journals in the world is proven wrong in less than one year.
Just consider 'global warming'. I'm all in favour of it being in Canada, without grandchildren and wanting a few more days of summer every year.  Luddites abound.  As for psychiatry we have to deal with scientologists and psychologists who like to make judges look stupid and go out of their way to destroy the respect the court works so hard to achieve.  There are those in psychiatry who believe everything is fate and genetics while others like myself say the 'dingo et the baby' if I see a dingo running off with a baby' whereas my academic colleague insists dinghos don't eat babies becuae the dinghos in his experiment didn't eat the babies offered up by mothers of scientologists.
The trouble with this for clinicians is that by the time we actually recommend a treatment we have ruled out upwards of 100s of possibilities.  The teaching on the decision making of experts in an attempt to get junior doctors up to speed faster is fascinating research.  To date the importance of 'pattern recognition' is profound but he courts and beaurocracies in general are afraid of 'pattern recognition'  The symphony conductor has a very hard time explaining why he knew the 3 rd violin was out of tune especially if the judge is tone deaf .
Yet that's what the big boys want.  It's really kind of them to say too.  Because if we really want to help our patients then commonly we have to help the judge to do just that. Also the courts are there to help us all and do.  And in Canada the judges are collectively a pretty good sort. Canadians are blessed to be in one of the greatest countries in the world and part of what has gone into that has been the tendency of our courts to make relatively good decisions in the very toughest of times.
I do work for insurance companies and have no difficulty appreciating their need for the courts. The average person doesn't know how bizzare and calculating the malingerers and sociopaths and psychopaths are .  All manner of people self inflict wounds and want the insurance companies to pay them for this.  The courts are there and good judges are there to stop this criminal behaviour.  Equally insurance companies love to take money and hate to pay it out and were it not for lawyers and judges some of these mega wealthy corporations would have denied patients the little left to them after a horrendous accident.
I don't have a better answer to the courts. I liked working with elected judges and I think it will be more interesting when scientific basics are required study for all lawyers and judges.  With the increasing immigration into Canada of people from scientifically advanced countries there's going to be increasing demand on the education system to be more relevant and practical. As much as I love poetry it doesn't pay the heating bill and untill I can convince all Canadians to drive SUVs to lower our collective heating bill I'm going to have to depend on the practical applications of science to improve my life at the lower levels and more universal levels of Maslow hierarchy.  Canada can't afford to carry so many ignorant people as a consequence of the failing of education system and beaurocracy to get out of the middle ages and come into the 19th century.
At the same time doctors who are by default expert witnesses can't afford not to read the wisdom of the likes of Frank Iacobucci and Graeme Hamilton.  I am very thankful these two fine gentleman have taken the time to help doctors.

Expert witneses