Showing posts with label Public Health. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Public Health. Show all posts

Thursday, July 25, 2019

Should Mentally Ill Women Have Babies?

There was a time when mentally ill women were sterilized.  People forget history.  If you forget history you’re doomed to repeat it.
Identification with the Agressor is the coping strategy whereby a person claims to say or be something another wants out of fear. A mentally ill woman saying she doesn’t want children may well be identifying with the aggressor, the aggressor being society today.  It’s called ‘internalization’.  
I’m not invested in women having children or not having children.  It’s the reason that counts.  Mentally ill women commonly have major self esteem issues.  Many have been commonly abused.  The consequence of emotional, physical and sexual abuse is a sense of inadequacy.  This can well translate to I’m not ‘good enough’ to have a child or « I could never be a mother ».
RĂ©cent studies have shown that women’s magazines are one of the principle harms to women’s self esteem.  
Having a child I remind women is an athletic event. If you can run, jump, play basketball, soccer, or do a long hike you’re fit. Ironically the larger the ‘hips’ the more likely a woman is to have an ‘easy’ delivery. We have moved a long way from the Twiggy anorexic to the Kardasian butt proud celebrity images. 
Yet there’s still many myths perpetrated on women by the women’s magazine industry.  The myths and ‘politically correct narratives’ push their various sales pitches, backers and propaganda agendas.  Ask your doctor and he/she will tell you if there’s any ‘physical’ reason to not have children?  
When I delivered babies, like every midwife and obstetrician, I liked seeing ‘hips’.  Traditionally ‘female shape’ equates with easy delivery.   That’s it.  Obviously if a woman has heart disease or  a rare  metabolic disorder there is reason for proper prenatal care.  Few conditions are  a contraindication to pregnancy and mental illness in general is not one of them. 
Mood Disorders, Personality Disorders, Thought disorders, and in fact, almost any mental illness is not a reason to avoid having children.  Mental illnesses in general are genetically receptive and the risk of transmission is so minor as to not be an issue.  Really! Really!  
The ‘genetics’ of mental illness is in its infancy and while certain traits ‘run in familie’s’ like alcoholism, the chance of transmission of the traits is incredibly small.  Even schizophrenia which has a strong genetic contribution must have environmental factors to lead to the expression of the schizophrenic genes.. A person can have the risk of schizophrenia because of certain genes but only if, for example, they smoke marijuana in adolescence will the schizophrenia be expressed.  If one identical twin has alcoholism the other twin has a 50% chance of developing alocholism but only if he or she drinks.  
Mental illness is ‘multi factorial’ and commonly ‘recessive’ as opposed to ‘dominant’ which means least likely to be transmitted generation to generation.  Mental illness is therefore not part of the  standard ‘genetic talk’ given to future parents.  If you have huntingdon’s chorea and want boys you might want to talk to a geneticist.  The risk of transmission of a ‘dominant’ trait is significantly higher 
However alot of women who have mental illness have been told they are bad, different, crazy,  all their lives.  She come to  believes this.  She then is likely to translate this to mean that she would not have a good child. A child of hers will be bad like her. The bad ‘seed’ myth.  Further, she believes she will not make a good mother.  Yet motherhood is on of the principle reasons for women ‘changing their life’ around. So many professional women I know used to drink and party other girls but when they became mothers they put on their big girl panties and did a hell of a good job. So women can change and it does not follow that a woman diagnosed with mental illness young will produce a bad child or be a bad mother. 
Dr. Whitaker the famous child psychiatrist also said , If you want to know about how a woman feels about having children ask her how she feels her mother felt about having her.  Self fulfilling prophecies in families can be undone in counselling and routinely are. 
It’s useful to counteract mis information and disinformation with preventative medicine ‘facts’.
My favourite fact regarding child birth that I love to share, to the chagrin and groans of my female friends, is that having children is beneficial biologically for women increasing their health and longevity and reducing disease. This part is true and sadly not shared as wildly as the abortion industry data with its political baggage.  However, here’s what gets the groans, The Amish studies showed that improved health and longevity for women   held true up to 12 children. Therefore, I tell women ‘don’t have the 13th child’ . The data showed no value with having more than 12 children.
Further having children under the age of 30 causes women to have reduced risk of  future cancer and early death.  
Similarly since women have their ‘eggs’ for  life, giving birth young, age 20 to 30 is better than age 50.  As giving birth is an athletic event it’s not surprising that 20 year olds have easier less complicated deliveries than 30 year old and definitely 40 year olds.  However having a baby as a ‘teen ager’ is directly associated with poverty and social problems which translate to future health problems. 
 Probably in western culture and society the ideal time for having a baby is 25 to 30 years of age. It is significant  because men have no such ‘biological clock’.  Given the power of female pheromes and fertility coupled with sociobiology,  reproduction as male defence against fear and denial of death,  casual sex is attractive with this age group of women regardless the age of men.  That doesn’t mean the man consciously wishes to ‘father’ the child or children. It does mean that men and women are vastly different, in a society which wishes often to deny this.  Women  benefit from being ‘informed’.  
When I was doing a  specialty in community medicine and public health I learned that the doctor is a powerful source of health information which people tend to follow.  I believe in ‘informed consent’.  I believe women who have mental illness need to hear that there is no ‘general’ reason for them not to have children.  Of course they can simply not want children but this should be for that reason rather than ‘because I’m mentally ill’. 
There are valid reasons for not wanting to have children. A truly valid reason I heard from a brain injured patient for not having children was « I can not manage my own health needs I don’t believe I would be able to give the time and focus to a child. ».  The question then follows , would you want a child if that was not an impediment?
Underlying any discussion with a mentally ill person may be the idea of ‘worthiness’.   The elite commonly have children.  Justin Trudeau and Sophie have children and nannies.  Donald Trump has children.  Obama has children.  In a world where the elite have control they might simply want to reserve resources for their children and deny mentally ill women children not for their benefit but simply to reduce the competition for resources on their own children, whether they’re mentally ill or not. Power corrupts. Absolutes power corrupts. The mother of the prime minister of Canada was mentally ill and no one discouraged her from having children. Yet if she was poor and nobody would that be the case.   In general the discussion for having a child should be the same for the mentally ill and the not yet diagnosed mentally ill. This is a factor because mental illness often appears later in life. Further the sophistication of diagnosis in western countries is hundred fold beyond the diagnosis of mental illness in other parts of the world.  So many Canadian and American women would simply not have a mental illness diagnosis if they were born elsewhere. By contrast this is not true for heart disease or diabetes.
My friend wanted a PHD rather than have a child. Another friend wanted a house. Children cost money and sometimes only the elite are able to make marriages work in these anti family times.  « I don’t like children. ». Now that’s a good reason not have children. Fortunately in Canada we have a social system with a great deal of support for all women having children so that the mentally ill will as likely have social and economic support having children. Certainly in countries where there isn’t a social network mental illness is a greater stigma.
I enjoyed a mentally ill woman who said she wanted to adopt a child using much the same logic as a person uses who chooses a ‘rescue dog or cat’.  Suffering anxiety about a lot of physical symptoms she had fear of pregnancy but saw that her somewhat delineated fear would make that a challenge but she understood she would make a good parents.  She cared for her dog and her neices and everyone trusted her to baby sit. 
I sometimes hear young people in general say they don’t want children because there are too many people on the planet.  The reason that upsets me is that that was the halcyon cry of the Morgenthaller abortion industry in my youth.  Morgethaller, Jewish,   had three children but aborted so many catholic babies.   That was when the elite were having 3 babies and the ‘peasants’ were told not to reproduce.  Yet thirty years later the government is inviting all and sundry to immigrate to here, saying that there are ‘too few people’ in the west.  
Meanwhile,  the greatest means overall of  reduce third world child birth ,where the women don’t have the education or financial resources,  to ensure optimal parenting, is to address infant mortality.  Maternal education is central to reducing the size of the family which economically is associated with reducing overall the growth of population. .  Women historically have lots of children because children are an old age pension plan.  Boys are especially at risk of dying early but are also the ones who contribute most to the family income.  If children are likely to live women are more willing to have less children. 
Further maternal education regardless of religion, culture, country or race results in reduction of childbirth to the magic ‘three children’. This is the number even the ‘elite’ choose.  Replacement plus a spare. 
The trouble is the most barbaric repressive regimes deny women education . For God knows what reason feminists don’t address this issue.  Women’s liberation did. Women’s Libertation which I marched and fought for  considered female education as the means to female emancipation.  
I believe the stigma against the mentally ill is so great that women with mental illness are at risk of not having children because they feel unworthy or have low self esteem. They are at risk of being marginalized, demonized and denied what clearly the elite persist in having.  The old certainly still see the value of family though Marx and Engles were against family when they planned the communist revolution.    
Most mentally ill women have great pregnancies, easy deliveries and make great mothers.  
UBC Psychiatry Department has a specific division of enlightened brilliant compassionate female psychiatrists who specialize in Prenatal, Perinatal, and Post Natal consultations for Mentally Ill women. If any one has serious questions or concerns they can get the best answer there. Not on Google. Not from Hollywood. Not from Housewives on the Moon.    
I want women with mental illness to have the same ‘true choice’ that other women have in this regard.  I believe in education and informed consent. 

Thursday, November 21, 2013

International Education and Training in Addiction Medicine - ISAM 2013 - Kuala Lumpur

(The following are my rough notes from the International Society of Addiction Medicine Conference Kuala Lumpur Symposium. I hope that it will give some idea of the depth and breadth of presentations but apologize if there are any errors and would ask that you go to the sources for the definitive information in the area of specialization-W.Hay)
Greg Bunt, President Elect of ISAM

IMG 1675
Gabrielle Welle-Strand, Norway - hosted ISAM conference in Norway 2 years ago - coordinating project to assess training around the world
IMG 1683
1) Addiction Psychiatry Training in the US - Merrill Herman
IMG 1676
I began wanting to be an orthopedist but a psychiatrist working in addiction at Cornell served as my mentor.  There was a methadone clinic there…. Then at Einstein….I met Greg Bunt…..met Marc….he wanted me to come to NYU to be his first fellow …..somehow Dr. Bunt joined us and we became first two fellows in addiction psychiatry….2 years program….but a lot of the training was on a dual diagnosis unit at Bellevue……not a lot of addiction psychiatry with medicine…..mostly dual diagnosis and that was role of addiction psychiatrist….went to be medical director of adolescent dual diagnosis unit….I'm from the Bronx and got recruited to come back to do the Methadone program…..integrated primary care program….I became first psychiatrist in department of family medicine…..AIDS epidemic hitting full on in New York…worked with Peter Selwin, HIV researcher…I was working and teaching residents….department of psychiatry didn't want anything to do with addiction….all the addiction medicine was coming out of family medicine….then they asked me to become director of addiction psychiatry fellowship - we now have addiction consultation in general medicine service….expose students to HIV, hepatitis, methadone, we have classic methadone, ISAM is interesting because the Bronx is multi cultural and a lot of my fellows came from all over the world…..and they'd tell stories of alcoholism around the world…..one of my residents is a sik and there's a major problem with alcoholism in sik community - crossing cultures, where do they fit in….I went to temple and was honorary sik for day - they couldn't talk about alcoholism - talked about it through the other medical problems, hypertension, diabetes……department of psychiatry began to like us and then they took us over and theres this evolution, full circle back into psychiatry…..there are 46 addiction psychiatrist fellowships and 16 addiction medicine residents - theres now parity between medicine, psychiatry and addiction - there are people who leave our family medicine , psychiatry and go to addiction…we need way to find way - there's a big need - there's not going to be enough addiction psychiatrists or addiction medicine - where are we going to go - where in psychotherapy and psychopharmacology - we need to link our forces together, addiction psychiatry and addiction medicine.  ISAM is bringing the various expertise from around the world
2) Addiction Medicine Training in the US - Dr. Stuart Gitlow - president of American Society of Addiction Medicine

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First question I want to ask is what per cent of public is addicted …you might think …somewhere between 10 and 15 % - we have 5000 doctors in states certified - not all active -I'm a young addiction - there are 3000 actively practicing - more than half have only 8 years before they retire.  There are 60 fellowships, about 100 doc produced per year - were losing numbers - at the very time when we passed the affordable care - that will increase demand for addiction docs in the socioeconomic area likely to use -where are they going to go
Who can treat addiction - we dx'ed it as a disease of the brain - the reward system of the brain - in a way different from the substance - we may in future be able to identify a person who will need treatment - what is the difference between sw, counsellor, nurse , peer, psychologist, non addiction doctor, addiction doctor, addiction psychiatrist - they're all important but what is the difference. ---Spectrum of training - we need to be able to readily what a nurse can do that a doctor can't and what a doctor can do and nurse can't - ny times ran series on buprenorphine treatment - many doctors are prescribing buprenorphine inappropriately - we looked at what percentage of prescribes were members of addiction therapy - only 20% were members - so what percentage of nurses, and others were doing wrong - we in ASAM decided to move away from being a guild and letting non doctors in to the organization - we could provide training for the people - if I gave you 20 hours or a 1 year course - would a person with nursing or psychologist would that person differ from the physician.
Not many people go into field of addiction ….we wanted to know what to do to maintain people in their interest - medical students year1 - if we ask them 80 to 90% say yes, but in year 4 - 80 to 90% say no - something we're doing in medical school is wrong - so we took willing students  and placed them in a rehab program for 1 month - they went through as if they were patients - these students wrote book chapters on their experience -thought they were just like them
I encourage that kind of experiential process
 We followed them and everyone who did that was involved in some type of addiction work years later

3) Training in Addiction Medicine Training around the world and ISAM's network of addiction.- Gabrielle Wells-Strand
IMG 1682
ISAM -evidence baed education and adequate training
we have ISAM exams
established network of national contacts in as many countries as possible
developped questionnaire
Limitations - some of questions in questionnaire not clear enough, my interpretation may be wrong but it's a start
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National contacts

Populations
greater than 100 million
50 to 100
10 to 50
less that 1o million

Organization of drug treatment
primary care - belgium denamark
Secondary care  hungary japan,
Mixed models - australia
Under which speciality is addiction medicine organized
psychiathry - canada, england, indian, japan, sweden
Medicine - australia new sealan
several - france
primary care - belgium

Present training and certification
-advance training and certification - austrailia , NZ
Systematic training and certification - Finland 2 years, Hungary 2 years
Master program - australia, NZ, nethenlands
 National training courses in addiction medicine - canada, denmakr
Part of psychiatry

Future Plans
-full specialty - norway
Subspecialty - sweden, thailand
master - indonesia

Where do we go from here
- ISAM products - feed back on ISAMS rol in promoting Addiction Medicine training in different countries and discussion
Put national contracts and survey on ISAM web page
mobilize more national contacts and evaluation

4) Barriers to Addiction Medicine Training in Australia and New Zealnd  -Dr. Mark Montebello - Chair Chapter of Addiction
IMG 1691IMG 1692
Medicine Education Committee -
Population australia 23 million-156 ChAM Fellows
New Zealand 4.5 million - 21 ChAM trainees
There were 4 models and we now can't get people in because of the barriers.  The program is great but has a very high standard.
Problem with aging workforce and shortages
To get into the program you have to have done another specialist

Pre requisites
Registered medical practitioner
and fellow of one of the following
-anaethetics, emergency medicine, general practice, adult medicine, pain medicine, psychiatry, rehabilitation, Rural and remote Medicine, Pediatrics and Child health Division
or completion of RACP General Basic Training - 3 years
To develop a fellow who is competent to provide a specialist level, unsupervised comprehensive medical are in Addiction Medicine
18 months core training
- prescribing, pain meds, public health, psychiatry and co morbidity, general medicine
- non core - working in rural setting, isolated communities, indigenous, specialists in research,
-everyone has to do research program and quality improvement
- all under review - moving towards the canadian model - must demonstrate learning objectives learned in clinics

Clinical assessment, attitude, ethical issues, administration, teamwork, medico-legal, self-education, patient management, communication, cultural competency, clinical decision making, health advocacy

23 specialities in college - hard to get consensus
get stigmatized,
Study investing ChAM Training Program Barirs
Aims to examine Junior Medical Officers knowledge about cham
to identify barires.
said things like I don't know, it's okay
JMO's - in medical curriculum - get huge exposure to hematology - very little to addiction medicine - the addiction ward is very old wing, versus the hematology ward
We've become more flexible and offer 3 months
Looking at having a 'masters'  - it's already done in Public Health
Looking at it as another way of getting into the program
Also developing diploma for 6 months and this is already in other specialities

5) Improving Conversational Skills in Addiction Medicine -Cor de Jong - Netherlands
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- Residents in Addiction Medicine - have 80 well trained
Master in Addiction Medicine
2 years full time cours, 20 residents per group, accredidtated by Royal Dutxh Society of Medicine
Competencies
Themes
Modules
Academic teaching at University and Clinical teaching
Evidence based medicine and professional medical communication
Relationship - rapper building and relationship management
Motivational interviewing
Shared decision making

General aspects of a conversation - welcome, introduction, agenda setting, time monitoring, involvement , empathy, word choice
Non verbal communication
Retreat, Motivational Interviewing, Bedside , role playing, Moral dilemans, family counselling, aggression management
Personal learning style, Interpersonal behaviour Feelings.
Measuring quality aspects of professional communication
Can we measure this, Instruments and video assessment, rate with 3 or 4 observers.  Cross correlation  - intra class - showed reliable instrument
Means scores given at the end of 2 years
Instrument - successful and then get others who get second chance
We developed focussed training course in professional conversation skills in addiction medicine

6) Norway II - shaping of a full speciality in addiction medicine - Garbrielle Well Strand

IMG 1696- first medical specialty in 15 years
 first medical specialty developed by norwegian directorate of health
at the same time - suggested change in the education across the board
first proposal turned down in 1999 - said existing specialities should take care of these patients
2003 - turned down  - better strategy to increase training in family practice and pscyhiatry
2012 - successful - drug reform of 2004 - specialized health care got the responsibility for drug treatemnt
documented increased and severity of health problems among drug users
increased research and knowledge based medciine

Ministry of Health has commissioned Norwegian Directorate of health to evaluate the present specialty training

Part 1 -18 months - 12 months in hospital(general medicine/surgery/psychiatry) and 6 months in municipal general practice
Part 2 - 0 to 3 years fro groups of specialties that naturally fit together
Part 3 Common platform for groups of speciality

Common compulsory cores

New speciality should take account of user involvement and interdisciplinary cooperation
Cooperation between specialists and municipalities

A specialist in Addiction medicine
should always involve the user
-group level
have non stigmatizing practice
 be competent in cooperating with different parts of health services
Developing plans for course work
Teaching goals
Assessment standard
Specification and accreditation = for teaching hospitals

Addiction medicine specialty - training and placement and course work laid out.